🧬 Understanding a Semen Analysis: What It Is, Why It Matters, and What to Expect

Medically reviewed by Dr. Molina Dayal, MD, board-certified reproductive endocrinologist.

When heterosexual couples begin a fertility evaluation, it’s important to look at both partners. Male factors contribute to infertility in up to 30–50% of cases, making a semen analysis a key part of the initial workup.

At STL Fertility, we believe in a comprehensive, patient-first approach — and that includes making sure male partners feel informed, supported, and comfortable throughout the process.

🔍 What is a semen analysis?

A semen analysis (SA) is a test that evaluates the quantity and factors that contribute to quality of sperm to better understand male fertility.

This test looks at several important factors, including:

· Sperm count – how many sperm are present

· Motility – how well the sperm move

· Morphology – the shape and structure of sperm

· Volume – the overall amount of semen produced

Together, these measurements help determine how effectively sperm may be able to fertilize an egg.

📅 When is a semen analysis recommended?

A semen analysis is typically part of an initial fertility evaluation, often ordered alongside bloodwork and other diagnostic testing.

It may be recommended:

· When a couple has been trying to conceive without success

· As part of routine fertility testing for both partners

· When there is a known or suspected male factor concern

Because it is a relatively simple and non-invasive test, it is often one of the first and most informative steps in the process. At STL Fertility, you may be referred by your primary care provider or your partner’s physician to just have a semen analysis, or our STL Fertility physicians might order one after your New Patient Consult.

🧪 What to expect during the process

We understand that this part of the evaluation can feel unfamiliar. Our goal at STL Fertility is to make the experience as comfortable, private, and straightforward as possible.

Here’s what to expect:

· Abstinence period:

You will need to refrain from ejaculation for 2–5 days prior to the test

· Sample collection options:

• If you live within 1 hour of our office, you may collect your sample (via masturbation) at home using a sterile container provided by our office and after collection bring it to our office within one hour of collection

• If preferred, you may provide your sample at our clinic in our private, comfortable collection room

· Clear instructions + support:

Our team will walk you through the process ahead of time so you feel prepared and know exactly what to expect

📊 How are results interpreted?

A semen analysis is not about one single number — it’s about understanding the full picture.

Results are evaluated based on:

· The combination of sperm count, movement, and shape

· Your overall medical and fertility history

· Timing and other diagnostic findings

In some cases, your physician may recommend repeating the test, as results can vary over time.

🧠 Why this test matters

A semen analysis plays an important role in:

· Identifying potential male factor infertility

· Helping guide decisions between treatment options like IUI or IVF

· Ensuring both partners are fully evaluated early in the process

Having this information allows for more efficient, informed, and individualized care.

🤝 How STL Fertility supports you

At STL Fertility, we recognize that fertility care is a shared journey — and that includes supporting male partners just as thoughtfully.

Our approach includes:

· Creating a comfortable and respectful environment for testing

· Providing a clear, timely explanation of results, SAs are interpreted and results provided

within 48 hours of test completion.

· Including both partners in conversations and decision-making

· Developing a plan that reflects your shared goals

We are here to ensure that every patient feels informed, supported, and respected throughout the process.

💙 A patient-first approach to fertility care

A semen analysis is often one of the first steps in understanding fertility — but it’s also one of the most important.

By evaluating both partners early, we can create a more complete picture and guide next steps with clarity and confidence.

You don’t have to navigate this process alone — we’re here to support you every step of the way.

🔗 Ready to get started?

Contact STL Fertility to learn more about scheduling a semen analysis or beginning your fertility evaluation.